Data Flow Diagrams in Health Care Essay Example

Information Flow Diagrams in Health Care Paper Information the board in social insurance alludes to the association of and simple access to significant skill, at whatever point and any place it is required. Regardless of whether it shows restraint information or data about drugs that is required by a human services proficient at some random time, the assistance that data innovation can give in getting to required data, can't be limited. No longer does the medicinal services proficient need to flip through book after book to discover required data during a period of crisis. No longer does the person need to go looking for specialists when electronic correspondence is prepared to facilitate the working of medicinal services offices. Data frameworks permit instructors of medicinal services to confer training all the more adequately to their youngsters. It is a reality, all things considered, that data innovation takes into consideration precise data to be put away and recovered. Furthermore, as the current conversation uncovers, the models used to comprehend data frameworks today may likewise be applied in other significant regions. This is the motivation behind why information stream graphs of data innovation are these days being utilized to give medicinal services data. We will compose a custom article test on Data Flow Diagrams in Health Care explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Data Flow Diagrams in Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Data Flow Diagrams in Health Care explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Given the above points of interest, all data advancements that facilitate the working of social insurance offices have been welcomed with extraordinary eagerness on account of their capacity to disentangle complex information. No big surprise, the human services industry has risen as an innovator in embracing different data frameworks, that is, frameworks dependent on most recent PC advances to store appropriate data about patients, different illnesses, meds, and so forth. Human services experts have needed to figure out how to utilize the new advancements to make their employments simpler than previously. Moreover, they have needed to get familiar with the utilization of most recent advances by utilizing an assortment of apparatuses that endeavor to streamline the innovation exercises for medicinal services specialists. One strategy for rearranging the information that experiences a data framework is by method of an information stream chart (DFD), which, in its most essential structure, basically shows the wellspring of the information that the data framework utilizes as an info, and the channel through which the information must travel through the framework to arrive at a definitive clients of the information yield (See Appendix). The data framework which forms the information that enters it as an information, is considered answerable for conveying the information to its definitive clients in a structure that makes it simple for the clients of information to comprehend the data accordingly conveyed unto them. By making it straightforward for the clients of innovation to comprehend the data framework, the information stream outline transforms itself into a basic apparatus for social insurance directors who must comprehend the fundamental procedures encompassing a recently executed innovation before they can utilize the innovation properly. The information stream chart therefore gets one of the most generally utilized frameworks displaying devices today, especially for operational frameworks in which the elements of the framework are of principal significance and more unpredictable than the information that the framework controls (Yourdon). So as to disentangle complex information, DFDs were first utilized in the product building field as a documentation for examining frameworks configuration issues. The documentation had been acquired from before papers on diagram hypothesis, and it keeps on being utilized as an advantageous strategy by programming engineers worried about direct execution of models of client necessities (Yourdon). Innovation specialists who plan inventive medicinal services data frameworks may comparably think that its helpful to utilize DFDs while structuring new frameworks for social insurance offices to profit by. Using a DFD, it is simple for a fashioner of a data framework to comprehend the procedures that data must experience in the framework, to separate the procedures and study them top to bottom, and to change the procedures in the stream graph when and if vital. The DFD technique is a component of â€Å"object-arranged analysis† and is generally utilized in all fields worried about the structure and utilization of data frameworks (Le Vie). As indicated by Donald Le Vie, the upsides of an information stream chart are the accompanying: (1) Use of DFDs advances snappy and generally simple venture code improvement; (2) DFDs are anything but difficult to learn with their couple of and-easy to-get images; (3) The language structure utilized for DFDs is basic, utilizing English things, or thing descriptor action word develops; and (4) DFDs are useful for useful decay. While the information stream outline makes it basic likewise for individuals that are not innovation specialists to comprehend the chief procedures engaged with a data framework, the model experiences a few impediments as well. Le Vie portrays the disservices as the accompanying: (1) DFDs for huge frameworks can be unwieldy, hard to interpret, and read, and be tedious in their development; (2) Data stream can be befuddling to software engineers; (3) DFDs are pointless without the essential detail; (4) Different DFD models utilize various images (circles and square shapes, for instance, for elements); and (5) The model neglects to recognize information and control signals. From a hypothetical angle, the information stream chart has the ability to show a data framework initially. In any case, data frameworks include forms inside procedures. To put it another way, even innovation specialists may have an issue understanding DFDs except if these outlines expand on the procedures uncovered through the charts. Besides, it is outlandish for individuals that are not innovation specialists to comprehend a data framework by means of DFDs past the fundamental procedures that are appeared in these charts. The data sources and yields make no difference, as it were, to those that look for information past the self-evident. No different, DFDs are profoundly famous among the creators of medicinal services data frameworks, just as the heads of social insurance offices that need to comprehend the data frameworks at work. At present, DFDs are being utilized by the human services framework in forms from solution up to and including the organization of chemotherapy (vincristine) in the pediatric oncology inpatient setting. In actuality, DFDs are fit for grasping a wide range of procedures in the social insurance framework. Halfway because of their convenience, the Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (HFMEA) was created with DFDs having a significant impact in the structure of the task. The HFMEA, the reason for which is to improve social insurance by method of diminishing blunders, has been depicted as a deliberate way to deal with distinguish and forestall item and procedure issues before they occur.† There are five key advances associated with leading a HFMEA examination: (1) Define the HFMEA point: This ought to incorporate an away from of the procedure to be contemplated; (2) Assemble the HFMEA group: The work force ought to be multidisciplinary and incorporate topic specialists and a guide; (3) Graphically portray the procedure: Develop a stream chart; number each procedure step; recognize the territory of the procedure to concentrate on; distinguish all sub-forms; make a stream outline of the sub-process; (4) Conduct a disappointment examination: List all conceivable disappointment modes under the key sub-process; decide the seriousness and likelihood of every potential disappointment mode; utilize a Decision Tree to decide whether the disappointment mode warrants further activity; list all disappointment mode causes where the choice has been made to continue; and (5) Evaluate activities and result measures: Determine on the off chance that you need to dispose of, control, or acknowledge every disappointment mode cause; distinguish a depiction of activity for every disappointment mode to be controlled or killed; recognize result measures to test the updated procedure; distinguish an individual answerable for finishing the activity; and demonstrate whether top administration agrees with the suggested activity (van Tilberg). In spite of the fact that the procedures associated with HFMEA are perplexing, the DFD has the ability to disentangle them for those contemplating the procedures. DFDs are these days being utilized for the best possible administration of infections for sure. For instance, the Michigan Department of Community Health is propelling a venture called, Implementation of a Statewide Information System for Sickle Cell Disease in Michigan utilizing information stream charts to aid the arranging and utilization of the new framework. The reason for the undertaking is to build up a state-wide data framework for the early recognition, appropriate administration and treatment of sickle cell ailment and different intricacies of sickle cell illness. The primary year of the venture would include meeting with the task warning council, employing a change the executives expert, checking point by point stream diagrams of information streams to and from each accomplice, buying essential equipment, and programming. The executives of the accomplice associations would distinguish follow-up conventions for sickle cell sickness to be modified into the DocSite program. The intrigue and ability of doctors to use the DocSite program would be evaluated by overview (Miller). During the second year of Implementation of a Statewide Information System, DFDs would stay being used when the accomplice associations would start pilot testing the DocSite programming. MDCH staff would then adjust the program and create client manuals †all with the utilization of DFDs. MDCH staff would likewise start scattering data about the data framework to different projects and doctors, through inward gatherings with Children with Special Health Care Services, and expert gatherings in M

Darkness and Night

Both Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost use components, for example, perspective, symbolism, and structure to depict the essentialness of dull and night in their sonnets. In spite of the fact that the sonnets contrast from numerous points of view they share a typical topic of forlornness. They additionally use murkiness as an image of their sentiments. In the two sonnets Å"We Grow Accustomed to the Night  and Å"Acquainted with the Night  the creators utilize allegorical language, sentence familiarity and rhythms, and their assertion decision to mirror their comparative perspectives on the dimness of late evening representing beneficial encounters everybody needs to look all through life. Emily Dickinson utilizes the structure to make components of symbolism, and portray a deterrent that everybody needs to confront. Dickinson utilizes runs to speak to delays and makes it hard to peruse to represent her troublesome life. The runs make the perusers minds delay and comprehend what they are perusing line by line. The runs are utilized to adequately and purposely cause the peruser to ponder the dimness. She additionally utilizes the runs to make mental pictures. For instance, she states Å"When not a Moon reveal a sign-Or Star-come out-inside  which makes the picture of all out haziness in view of the absence of a moon and the stars. Dickinson keeps in touch with her sonnet in first individual so the normal individual can identify with her sentiments. She comprehends the haziness to be something characteristic. Fundamentally she utilizes the dimness to represent something everybody experiences. In her sonnet obscurity portrays the passing of a friend or family member. Not at all like Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost doesnt use runs. Rather he underlines his total confinement by utilizing the primary individual term Å"I  toward the start of the initial five lines of the sonnet. He utilizes the anaphora Å"I have ¦  to show he has become Å"Acquainted with the night  through various encounters. All through the sonnet the storyteller is strolling representing industriousness. This turns into an all-inclusive illustration. Its a long desolate stroll around evening time that doesnt appear to be simple, however he proceeds despite the fact that he is miserable. Å"I have stopped and halted the hints of feet  is a case of a similar sounding word usage he uses to make the sound of feet with the Å"st  sound. He keeps on depicting the storyteller as a relentless and forlorn. All in all, Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost utilize the dimness to represent educational encounters.

Delegation The Management Process Of Reassigning Work Or Authority - 1100 Words

Delegation: The Management Process Of Reassigning Work Or Authority (Coursework Sample) Content: Delegation Student’s Name Institution Date Introduction Delegation is the process of reassigning work or authority in order to meet a set deadline while at the same time being responsible for the outcomes of the task. The process occurs in a hierarchical manner from superiors to subordinates. Managers often decide to delegate in order to teach new employees new skills that will help them grow and learn. Leaders coach subordinates on how to carry out the tasks effectively, and is a great way for managers to encourage workers (Lee, 2018). However, not all tasks should be delegated depending on urgency and sensitivity of the task. It is the duty of a leader to offer good judgement on projects that require delegation and those that don’t. Scenario 1 In this case, the recommendation of the accounting software purchase should not be delegated. This is a large scale decision that needs involvement and detailed research from the manager. The manager cannot afford to have mistakes and errors when making this decision as it involves the transformation of the company’s operations. A leader should be fully responsible for the actualization of company’s visions and not leave such decisions in the hands of other organizations or employees (Kim et al., 2016). Also, in this case, the new book keeper and clerk do not have adequate skills and knowledge about what software would best suit the organizational accounting needs. It will take a lot of time for the manager to coach the new employees, and the manager has a limited time of only one month. The task is very important for the organization and failure may lead to large financial losses. Delegating this task to new employees with little skill increases the likelihood of failu re. Meanwhile, the manager can coach the bookkeeper and clerk on their new roles at the revenue district. This coaching will not require a lot of time as the new employees already have accounting skills. They can continue with regular day to day accounting activities in the organization’s computerized system and this will help the manager to free up his time to focus on the software recommendations that are needed by the director. This also ensures that the daily reviews of taxes and records are not at a standstill as the manager focuses on research on the software. The manager is able to focus his energy into researching the new accounting software that will guarantee success and minimize risks. With the freed time, the manager is able to attend trade shows and other organizations with the new software and gather information on whether the software will be relevant and effective to the company. Scenario 2 The field manager can delegate the fiscal audit by the department of justice to an auditing team. Before reassigning, the leader should ensure that the financial records are accurate. Financial accuracy of the reports should be done by the department before reassigning to avoid risks (Ambek Poitevin, 2016). The team reassigned with this work will put procedures in place that will help determine the financial performance of the department in line with their budget. They are also responsible for identifying irregular transactions and inform management immediately on this findings. Reassigning is done to a team to avoid errors and mistakes. A team is able to share responsibilities and duties for effective auditing and also for thorough scrutiny in a shorter amount of time. An individual auditor will require a longer time to finish the job. As for the performance improvement project, the field manager can appoint this duty to the administrator and the head of resource. The main purpose of this project will be to identify the facility’s problems and discuss gaps for success. This project should not be delegated since it is sensitive and is mainly an internal-based evaluation. The field manager should ensure that the HR has confirmed that the PIP is the most suitable action for the agencies. Performance improvement projects should not be an emotional decision from the managers of the agencies, but rather a commitment for employee improvement. The field manager creates a detailed list of the deficiencies of the veterans including detailed explanations and date that are then handed over to the HR. The manager is also responsible for creating a plan on the expected performance of veterans in comparison to their current performance. The details of this plan are specific and it is only the field manager who works with t he veterans often who is able to provide this information. Delegating performance improvement plans is ineffective and can lead to failure and time wastage. The manager is also required to come up with specific objectives including their deadlines that can help the agency to get rid of a specific problem. After the review of the plan by the HR, the field manager is responsible for the implementation of the plan. It will be more effective if the plan was devised internally by the manager to allow monitoring and implementation. Delegation of the audit to another team will give room for the field manager to successfully monitor and analyze whether employees are working towards organizational goal. Scenario 3 The manager should delegate the unanswered field calls to a field worker. Following up backlog calls does not require expert experience, but only little instructions on what questions to ask, and where to record. It’s simple conversation logic and the risk of failure is low. The report required by the City Council can be delegated to the supervisors of the field. The supervisor can form a team where t...

High Performance Athletes Concerned With Optimum Muscle...

Winidrol Winidrol Crazy Bulk Winidrol contains benefits specifically tailored to high performance athletes concerned with optimum muscle growth and repair. Winidrol provides a measurable increase in strength and speed and reduces body fat while improving the retention of nitrogen during protein synthesis for use in cell replacement and tissue regeneration. Additional nitrogen is necessary to increase the ability to build muscle. Additionally, Winidrol can increase blood flow and improves cardiovascular function. Features: Delivers greater muscle definition. Improves vascularity. Retains lean muscle. Defines the appearance of muscles. Increases muscle and bone density. Safe for both men and women. Anadrole Anadrole Crazy Bulk Anadrole is a comprehensive product that delivers many benefits strength trainers and weightlifters seek. Anadrole provides additional fuel to your muscles by increasing red blood cell production to transport oxygen directly to muscles. Increased oxygen at the muscular level will decrease lactic acid build up. This lessens fatigue and, in turn, increases the amount of muscle you can build. With decreased fatigue, you can extend your workouts safely and maximize the results of your exercise. Features: Increases overall muscle mass. Improves stamina and strength. Promotes better muscle efficiency. Lessens recovery time between workouts. Gynectrol Gynectol Crazy Bulk Gynecomastia is a common endocrineShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Products?2060 Words   |  9 Pagesscientific research on how muscles function to deliver effective support to athletes. It will assist your muscles in achieving elevated protein synthesis by retaining the most nitrogen possible and creating an optimum anabolic state within your muscles. With more than adequate levels of nitrogen, your cells can make additional protein for generating more muscle. D Bal increases your metabolism and will help you gain the weight you want: muscle and not fat. Features: Increases muscle function. IncreasesRead MoreImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 PagesIMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH APPRAISAL AND COACHING Second Edition IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH APPRAISAL AND COACHING Second Edition Donald L. Kirkpatrick Foreword by Dick Grote American Management Association New York †¢ Atlanta †¢ Brussels †¢ Chicago †¢ Mexico City †¢ San Francisco Shanghai †¢ Tokyo †¢ Toronto †¢ Washington, D.C. Special discounts on bulk quantities of AMACOM books are available to corporations, professional associationsRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesblank CONTENTS Preface About the Author Chapter 1 Introduction PART I ENTREPRENEURIAL ADVENTURES Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Google: An Entrepreneurial Juggernaut Starbucks: A Paragon of Growth and Employee Benefits Finds Storms Boston Beer: Is Greater Growth Possible? 29 46 PART II MARKETING WARS 61 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Cola Wars: Coca-Cola vs. Pepsi PC Wars: Hewlett-Packard vs. Dell Airliner Wars: Boeing vs. Airbus; and Recent OutsourcingRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesfirms to engage in price competition. In all industries from computers to cars to frozen dinners to airlines to soft drinks, price competition is at center stage, driven by the power of strong retailers, value-sensitive customers, reduced category growth, and overcapacity (often caused by new entrants and by old competitors hanging on, sometimes via bankruptcy). Retailers have become stronger year by year, and they have used that strength to put pressure on prices. Whereas a decade ago, the manufacturerRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesto be result oriented but also to be wise in their decision making. This requires that they have a deeper than superficial understanding of management and organization issues. McAuley et al. helps student and managers understand organizational performance without having to go through extensive reading. It deepens their understanding of issues with which they are confronted in practice, by putting them into a larger context. This book really helps students and managers to become wiser. Professor Renà ©

Music Macro Environment Essay Example For Students

Music Macro Environment Essay This is important for the music industry to know, as there is a change of generations in our society today. While the earths population is getting older and older, but not enough children are born, there might be a change in music interests. However, it is not empirically proven that as soon as one gets old, one automatically starts listening to classical or country music. The first category generation in the fugue below, will most likely take their music tastes with them and the generation after that will probably have different tastes. Regulatory In the Netherlands, the law allows downloading. People can copy a CD, DVD etc. , but thats only for personal use. Watching a downloaded movie with a group of people is not allowed. Even though the downloading is legal, the use of it is sometimes illegal. (Mixed. Nil, 2004-2009) Stitching Brain is an anti-piracy organization that fights for the rights of authors, publishers, performers, distributors and producers of music, film, books etc. (BRAIN, 2011) In the Netherlands there is a music copyright organization called Bum/Stemma. It consists of two organizations: Bum association and Stemma Foundation. They each have their own board, but they have their meetings together. Music is property of composers and writers. If people want to use their music, they have to pay for it. Bum/Stemma receives this money and gives it back to the affiliated music composers and writers. Bum/Stemma is founded to protect music copyright. When someone makes a new and original song, its his or her intellectual property. Music copyright needs to be covered by this concept of intellectual property. Music authors have the right to exploit their music so that they can earn money. They have o give others permission to use their music. Music authors are allowed to ask for Music Macro Environment By Minimize music. They can object someone who wants to change the music drastically or if someone uses their music in a movie that they think is dubious. The performing artists and the producers also have their rights. They can ask for compensation if someone else performs their song, if a song is involved when CDC and records are produced, and if their song is played on the radio. These rights remain for fifty years after the first performance or production. Music copyright remains until seventy ears after the death of the music author. (Bum/Stemma, n. D. ) According to section 13 of the Copyright Act, downloading of copyrighted digital content is like copying. Every form of downloading is making a copy. The right holder must give permission if someone wants to copy his content. Downloading is legal if someone wants to use it privately. It is regulated in sections bob and ICC of the Copyright Act. Consumers are allowed to download content from peer to peer networks, websites and social networks, without the permission of the right holder. Anyone is allowed to make a pop for private use only if it fulfills the following conditions: Firstly, the content must be made by natural persons and not by businesses, institutions or organizations. Secondly, the content may not be for direct or indirect commercial aim. Thirdly, the content must be only for private practice, study or use. Also, the number of copies is limited. (Hugged et al. 2009) Economic It is a truth universally acknowledged that a lot of people use peer-to-peer file sharing and illegal downloads to obtain wished albums or singles and one could wonder how this influences the music sector. In general, the change from the hysterical distribution to digital distribution can be observed clearly throughout the years. In 2006, 307 million Euros were made by selling CDC (could also contain Laps and tapes), whereas in 2011 it had declined by 7. 4 % to 201 million Euros. Ata closer look, one can see the biggest decline in the singles market where the total of sold singles only made a 1 million Euros profit. Compared to 5 years earlier, music videos also declined a lot; to 21 million Euros compared to 53 million 5 years earlier. .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .postImageUrl , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:hover , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:visited , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:active { border:0!important; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:active , .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41c1484dabe2223dbbedcbad5e5eae4d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medium of Music EssayThere has also been a change with the albums, but not as radical as with the other two arts of the physical market. Even though the amount earned on albums in 2011 is almost half of what was made in 2005, it is safe to say that people still like having an actual physical thing in their hands. Figure 2. 3 (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) As stated above, the opposite can be observed with the digital distribution. Compared to the start of the Internet era in 2005, the increase of music bought online is major. The sales went from 5 million Euros to 40 millions, which means an increase of 200%. This total is divided into two parts, namely the Internet and mobile phones. As stated in the chapter about the technological changes, not only the Internet has become more prominent, but the opportunities that phones now provide us with enable us to buy and download music through these mediums, too. This means that in 2011 10 million Euros were gained through purchases via mobile phones. (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) Figure 2. 4 (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009) It should be noted that the figures used from 2009 and further on are only New technology has been responsible for the growth of the music industry. First it was the LAP that everybody wanted, after the LAP the stereo dominated. A whole new market came to life with prerecorded cartridges and cassettes. But in the beginning of the 21st century, CDC dominated unit sales, leaving cassettes and Laps behind. But since the last four years, Internet is a big part of buying music. But it is not only buying music. Internet is also used for downloading the music illegally or only listening to the music on the Internet. (Cigarillos Scheme, 2003) The digitization of the consumption of music is still growing. The increase in the digital market is very important. Digitization has been influencing consumption, reduction, creation, distribution, and also the artist, record company, publisher, live entertainment and consumer. The behavior of the consumer has changed because of technologies. Because of digitization, there is more globalization. The Dutch music industry benefits from the economies of scale of countries like the United States and Great Britain, who have been very successful internationally. Long tail and niche markets are easily accessible and inexpensive. Digital files are 2417 on demand available for the consumer. Upcoming talent can upload tracks. The costs for the reduction of digital recordings are much lower. Retail costs can be saved by direct sale to consumers (online stores, download portals, artists websites) and online selling (tracks, CDC, DVDs, rhinestones, realtors, wallpapers, tickets, merchandise). Internet distribution is almost for free and environmentally friendly because products dont have to be transported. Promotion can also be used in a cheaper and easier way (social media, blobs, e-marketing). More and more artists are actively using international digital opportunities. They launch themselves through social outworks such as Youth, Twitter, Backbone, Linked. The fans can Just as well be living abroad. Through these social networks, fan sites and music sites, the consumer is accessible. There is new and direct contact. The consumer has opportunities for individualizing and customizing (buy individual tracks, make playbills, make CDC with their own personal choice of music, upload their own content or participate in a co-production). Foreign music is already available, fans dont need to wait for the release in their own country. It is possible to experience digital performances bedposts, voodooist, audio or video streams). An active fan can provide promotion for the artist via the Internet. (Kerosene Fiction, 2009) Figure 2. 5. 1 (Exam, LILTS, 2007) Socio-cultural The music industry has a lot of targeted genres that appeal to different kind of people. Those genres often subdivide. For example, rock music can split into soft rock, pop rock, heavy metal, modern rock, alternative rock, industrial, techno, punk, aka and Jam bands. Music is one of the instances in which audiences are able to see and hear cultural products from outside the country. .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .postImageUrl , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:hover , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:visited , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:active { border:0!important; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:active , .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246 .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd8f477c0377b8af018f98fe7c889246:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music satyasheel deshpande EssayEnglish pop and rock have had strong presence and influence since the sass. Its easier for musicians from the Netherlands and other countries to break into the biggest music market in the world, the US market, because they are able to use social media and the Internet. People have more access to listen to different genres. They dont have to rely on the radio or Figure 2. 5. 2 (Exam, LILTS, 2007) Lots of music has influences from earlier music. There is also a lot of music that is influenced by new sources of music such as African and Asian music. Many cultures have their own styles of classical music and popular music. People have their own reasons for listening to classical, pop or rock music. (Wright, 2004) In the figures you can see the percentage of people who buy pop music, rock music and classical music. The figures of pop music and rock music are almost the same. There is a big difference between those two figures and the classical figure. Almost every group in the fugue shrinks, only people who are 45 years old or older, buy more classical music than pop or rock music. (LILTS exam, 2007) People listen to music to calm themselves, to focus, to relax, to clarify emotions and to bond with friends. (Wright, 2004)

Shanghai And Hong Kongs Contributions To Chinas Economic Modernization

Shanghai And Hong Kong's Contributions To China's Economic Modernization Timothy Scott ECON. 400 Professor Roberts Midterm Essay Shanghai and Hong Kong's Contributions to China's Economic Modernization Some people predict Shanghai will replace Hong Kong in the future. Others argue that Hong Kong will remain as China's gateway to the rest of the world. For the past few months, I studied intensively about China and Hong Kong's history, culture, economy and politics. Hong Kong and Shanghai have made immense contributions to China's economy and modernization. However, I believe that Shanghai is still lacking the proper and sophiscated infrastructure such as the legal system and freedom of the press. In the years to come, Hong Kong will remain the financial and economic center of Asia due to its vast resources, legal infrastructure, history, and culture. In the past two decades, Shanghai has made great contributions to China's economic modernization. According to Cheng Li, in the article, The Color of Money, Shanghai had one-eighth of the total industrial output of the nation in 1980. In the early 1990's, Deng Xiaoping realized the potential of Shanghai, and urged the municipal government to develop the local economy and attract foreign investment. The entire city went under a reconstruction era, also known as the construction fever period. Hundreds of skyscrapers were built, and vast rural areas were transformed into new modern towns. Today, department stores and high rise buildings are not uncommon in Shanghai. The newly built Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai is now Asia's highest television tower. Shanghai not only underwent a physical change, but its economy boomed as well since 1993. The city has attracted more foreign investment than ever before. Currently, 121 largest transnational corporations operate in Shanghai. Investments include subway lines, highways, bridges and tunnels linking the Huangpu River and Pudong. It is estimated that $2.35 billion has been invested in Shanghai by foreign investment. In addition, the development of Pudong made it China's largest economic zone. Shanghai, without a doubt, is the engine that drives China's economic modernization. At the same time, Shanghai does not have the proper legal infrastructure, and freedom of the press to be the financial center of Asia. During my China traveling seminar in Shanghai, a Shanghaiese lawyer emphasized in order to be successful in China, all you need is a network of connection. This is also known as guanxi and it plays a crucial role in China. The fact is, China is under a system of rule by law and not rule of law. The legal infrastructure does not give you the protection you need from corruption and white-collar crimes let alone ensure an environment of free competition and productive workforce. Shanghai not only lacks legal protection, but it also lacks freedom of the press. The CCP has been and will always be a dictatorship over the media. One of the reasons is because China has always been very protective of its image. Any dishonorable and offensive news to the government, regardless of its importance, would not be allowed to publish. The central government also feels the necessity to control the media in order to prevent rebellions. Therefore, the people of Shanghai and China rarely know the truth behind current news. The importance of proper legal systems and freedom of the press are crucial to China's economic development. If the central government continues to neglect these factors, it will be detrimental to the future development of China. From the period 1949 to 1976, Hong Kong was China's gateway to the capitalist world. Today, Hong Kong has become even more important to Chinese economy and the international world. First of all, Hong Kong has vast resources such as managerial know-how, technology, financial and marketing skills. These important resources has been transferred to China as Hong Kong manufacturers move across the border to take advantage of cheap land and labor force in the 1980's. (Yahuda, p.24) While Shanghai has attracted foreign investments into China, Hong Kong has accounted for between 60 and 80 percent of the total foreign direct investment in China. In 1993, there were 50,868 investment projects of Hong Kong and Macao businesses in China with a value of $76.756 billion. The majority of investments are concentrated in the Guandong province. Through these direct investments, came

10 Painful Signs Your Boss is Disrespecting You

10 Painful Signs Your Boss is Disrespecting You There are horrible bosses, cruel bosses, bosses who hate you and are truly out to get you. And great bosses. There are also a million kinds of bosses in between. Some are perfectly decent. Some just plain do not respect you. How can you tell if your boss doesn’t respect you? Rather than relying on your own imperfect intuition, try checking this list of signs that you are being disrespected.1.  Flip FloppingYour boss changes his  mind every day about what you’re meant to be working on. Your top priorities shift constantly. You can’t keep up. He calls you in panic about something that needs to be done ASAP- only to go silent without providing any further instructions- or giving you contradictory instructions later.2. Not Valuing Your TimeYou get asked to do something vague at the beginning of the day, but you can’t seem to get any more clarifying information until- whammo- at the end of the day, a project is dropped into your lap†¦ and needs to be d one an hour ago.3. Ignoring Your NeedsA good boss will check in a couple of times a year to see how you are doing, whether or not you need anything in the way of guidance or feedback, or whether you’re missing any crucial equipment or software to help you get your job done well. This isn’t any fault of yours- it’s just poor management.4. No ExplanationsWhen things change or you’re asked to do things you don’t quite grasp, you ask a question and are met with stiff resistance- the workplace equivalent of â€Å"mind your own beeswax† or â€Å"that’s for me to know and you to find out.† If your boss doesn’t think you need to know things, especially things that might be necessary to you completing your work, that could be a sign that you’re being frozen out. Your concerns and questions should not be uniformly dismissed.5. You Only Get Grunt WorkYou’re constantly getting assigned the mindless tasks that no one el se wants to do- even if you’re just as qualified or more qualified than your coworkers. Or worse, you’re asked to do tedious work that is actually unnecessary for your company or your team.6. MicromanagingEvery piece of work you submit gets over-examined  over by your boss- even if you’ve never made any mistakes and your work is exemplary. This is particularly worrisome if you’re the only one getting micromanaged or over-supervised. Remember, a good boss trusts you to do the job for which you were hired.7. You Feel ReplaceableEven if you have a ton of specialized experience, you’re not consulted. Maybe you know a lot more than your boss does. But you’re never asked. More than that, your boss seems to think that anyone could do your job- despite hiring you and your unique qualifications for that job.8. Bad FeelingsYour boss ignores you, avoids you, laughs at your expense, criticizes you disproportionately or publicly for the slightest mista ke. Her body language suggests she just can’t stand you. She doesn’t make eye contact. She  seems like a totally different and warmer person with everybody else- and a total stern grouchypants with you. A combination of any of these can give you the gut feeling that you’re just not being respected. And you’d probably be right.9. Lack of Face TimeYour boss is always texting or emailing- never inviting you into his office, never stopping by yours. Not even calling. Technology is great, but you can’t forge a real relationship with your boss if you never have any real human interaction.10. Lack of AcknowledgmentDid you just come up with a great idea but your boss can’t seem to admit it was yours? Or worse: did she steal it? Did you make a big contribution, but it’s going utterly unnoticed and unremarked?These are all signs that you’re definitely not being valued. And quite probably being outwardly disrespected. It might be time t o talk to HR or to start looking for another gig.

Beijing Sammies

The AGROVOC Concept Server (AGROVOC/CS) Workbench is a web-based working environment consisting of numerous functionalities for the distributed management and enhancement of the AGROVOC/CS built from the AGROVOC thesaurus. Following the Semantic Web’s vision, that emphasizes collaboration in the development of data and metadata to be shared and reused across the web, the management of AGROVOC will progressively be transferred from a few individuals in FAO to a wider community of international AGROVOC experts. These interested and competent users will share the collaborative maintenance and extension of AGROVOC, one of the most frequently used terminological resources for agricultural information management in the world. Maintenance of the future extended AGROVOC will thus be completely decentralized with people worldwide contributing to its development. This report provides a brief note on the technical aspects of the AGROVOC/CS Workbench. Technical details †¢ Multilingual web interface and content (UTF8). †¢ The software is developed in pure JAVA (version 1. 5. x), with no calls to any third party modules requiring precompiled DLLs or other operating system specific features. †¢ The Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is used with an Eclipse plug-in for development of the system. It is used to build the system as a fully Java based AJAX client browser application that is compatible with all common web browsers. †¢ Where possible the JSP 2. 0 Expression Language (EL) is used for any JSP development within the project (it’s a way of writing script-less JSP pages). Protege OWL api framework is used to connect OWL. †¢ MySQL is used as RDBMS. †¢ The system is DBMS-independent. Additional database abstraction layer for interacting with the OWL backbone and the relational database will be used (e. g. the hibernate persistence and query service, etc. ). The system follows FAO guidelines for HTML publishing: †¢ Guidelines for Web site development; †¢ File naming convention and file organization guidelines; †¢ Check list for the clearance of Web sites. In summary, the system is based on the following components: Development components †¢ Eclipse 3. 2 †¢ JAVA-JDK version jdk1. 5. x †¢ Apache Tomcat (that supports JSP and JAVA Servlets) Google Web Toolkit (for AJAX framework), version 1. 4. 60 †¢ Google Web Toolkit Incubator, version 1. 4 †¢ Protege OWL API 3. 4 libraries †¢ Hibernate 3. 0 libraries †¢ Hibernate 4 GWT, version 0. 5 RC2 †¢ MySQL version 5 Server side †¢ Windows XP, Windows 2000, or Linux †¢ Apache Tomcat 5. 5. 9 or higher †¢ JAVA-JDK version jdk1. 5. x or higher †¢ MySQL version 5 or higher †¢ Protege OWL API 3. 4 libraries †¢ Hibernate 3. 0 libraries †¢ Hibernate 4 GWT, version 0. 5 RC2 †¢ WAR file with compiled JAVA files and necessary libraries Current Server Configuration †¢ OS : Debian GNU/Linux 2. 6. 22-2 †¢ CPU: AMD 64 bit †¢ Memory: 8GB †¢ MYSQL version: 5. 0. 45 TOMCAT Version: 6. 0. 14 †¢ Java-JDK: 1. 6. 0_04 Required Application 1. MySQL version 5 or above Available link to download: http://dev. mysql. com/downloads/ 2. Apache Ant version 1. 7. 1 or above Available link to download: http://ant. apache. org/ 3. JAVA JDK version jdk. 1. 5. x or above Available link to download: http://java. sun. com/javase/downloads/index. jsp 4. Apache Tomcat version 6 or above Available link to download: http://tomcat. apache. org/download-55. cgi 5. Protege Version 3. 4 beta Build 130 Available link to download: http://protege. cim3. net/download/old-releases/3. 4%20betas/build-130/full/ 6. GWT Version 1. 4 Build 1. 4. 62 Available link to download: http://code. google. com/webtoolkit/versions. html The Step of Configuration 1. Download AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench code from the CVS Server. 2. Download the sql script from CVS Server at folder named sql. Create the database. †¢ Run the sql script file located at your_directory\SQL\administrator_agrovocwb _v_0_2_beta. sql This will install administrator_agrovocwb database. †¢ Run sql script file to install the owl model database located at your_directory\SQL\blank model _v_0_2_beta. sql Here we have provided blank owl model. †¢ You can convert owl file directly to database by using stand alone java program located at: our_directory\src\org\fao\aoscs\server\protege\convertToDatabaseProject. java †¢ You need the change the variables in the file. |18 private final static String url = jdbc:mysql://; | |19 private final static String table = ; | |20 private final static String user = ; | |21 private final static String password = ; | |22 private final static String uri = file:/c:/; | 3. To add model in the ontology list, go to database and table and insert new row with these values. Ontology id: (Auto increment) †¢ Ontology Name: Blank Model †¢ Ontology Description: AGROVOC Concept Server Workbench Blank AOS Module †¢ Database URL: jdbc:mysql://:3306/? requireSSL=falseuseUnicode=truecharacterEncoding=UTF-8 †¢ Database Driver: com. mysql. jdbc. Driver †¢ Table Name: †¢ Database Username: †¢ Database Password: †¢ Display Ontology on the list: 0 for hide and 1 for Show 4. Use java editor to †¢ Change the configuration of the hibernate file that located in your_directory\src\hibernate. cfg. xml Change the property of your connection password instead of â€Å"your_password† and change the property of your connection url instead of â€Å"your_url†. 13 your_password | |14 jdbc:mysql://your_url | †¢ Change the configuration of the database properties that located in your_directory\src\org\fao\aoscs\server\owl\ DatabaseConnection. properties Change the property of your username of database instead of â€Å"your_username† and change the property of your password of database instead of â€Å"your_password†. |4 userAdminDB = your_username | |5 passwordAdminDB = your_password | †¢ Change the configuration of the mail file that located in your_directory \src\org\fao\aoscs\utility\Mail. properties Change the property of your host name instead of â€Å"your_mailserver_host†, change the property of your port instead of â€Å"your_port†, change the property of your user instead of â€Å"your_user†, change the property of your password instead of â€Å"your_password† and change the property of your from information instead of â€Å"sender_email†. |1 host=your_mailserver_host | |2 port=your_port | |3 user=your_user | |4 password=your_password | |5 from= sender_email | †¢ Run build file to create war file using Apache ANT. 5. Copy the war file to folder of tomcat installation directory. 6. You can use the program by opening your browser and type †¢ http://localhost:8080/your_project_name

The Effectiveness of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (SWAT) Essay - 1

The Effectiveness of Special Weapons and Tactics Teams (SWAT) - Essay Example This essay describes the Special weapons and Tactical teams law enforcement that started with the idea of protecting the well-being of police officers in the United States, as they carried out their duties of â€Å"serving and protecting† the public. The idea of being able to extract bad guys efficiently without mass mayhem and creating collateral damage, was the hallmark for the creation of the teams. Whether one is a proponent or a detractor of the existence of SWAT teams, they must strike the same cord when confronted with the issue of the relevance of the teams continued existence. SWAT teams have done some questionable things, and they have accomplished many good things. Before we throw out the baby with the bath water, we must objectively assess the situation and ask the question. Are we better off today with SWAT teams, than we were without them? The researcher of this essay believes that we are definitely better off, and what is needed is that a considerable amount of thought must be directed to how, these teams can be better utilized, while they are on hold waiting for the day, when they will be needed to serve in the capacity for which they were originally conceived. It is commonly held that a good offense is better than a good defense. However, to sum up the researcher states that we know that municipal police departments left to their traditional arsenal and philosophy, are not equipped enough to handle the some of types of confrontations which the bad guys can concoct.

How to bee agood leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to bee agood leader - Essay Example My research has shown me that task oriented skills as well as communication and interpersonal skills are very much necessary for effective team leadership. Similarly, facilitating the group processes is a significant role of the team leader and timely execution of the task necessitates proper planning, organization, coordination, decision making and problem solving skills, motivation, and sharing of roles from the part of the team leader. Besides, as a team leader I should be a good listener and communicator. I need to communicate my visions to the team members while listening to their valuable suggestions. As my major is in electrical engineering I would prefer to assume a team leader position in electrical engineering. I am aware that electrical engineering involves a lot of technical skills and that collaborative team work is very much essential while undertaking complex projects. Being a team leader is quite challenging as it offers one a unique opportunity to exercise one’s leadership qualities, communication, interpersonal and persuasive skills. For me, it is like a dream come true as I have always yearned to assume a leadership role where I can unleash my potentials. An effective team leader, in my opinion, understands the potentialities and competencies of his team members and inspires them to achieve the organizational goal. The team is most likely to benefit from my leadership as I am aware of the team processes and will make all possible efforts to expand the team capabilities through collaborative team work. Promotion as the workplace team leader has, in fact, increased my responsibilities and roles within the organization and this has prompted me to have greater understanding of the essential qualities of an effective team leader. Bachiochi et al, while reviewing the literature on team leadership, point out a number of qualities required of a successful team

Cloning Dialoge :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cloning Dialoge    The setting is a small college's biology class where only three students out of twenty students have come to class because it is the last day before spring break begins. The three students' names are Andy, Kristen, and Eric. Seeing only three students in the class, the professor changes his lecture material into a class discussion involving the recent scientific breakthrough in the field of cloning. During the discussion, the professor explains how the cloning of a sheep named Dolly was done. In addition, the students and the professor share their views on the advantageous and the detrimental side of cloning either humans or animals. Professor: Good morning class! I am sure that you all have heard about the recent scientific discovery in the process of cloning. If not, allow me to fill you in on this current controversial scientific discovery. Last week, a Scottish scientist named Dr. Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, successfully cloned an adult sheep. I said adult sheep because scientists already have the ability to clone sheep and calves, for farming purposes, from undifferentiated embryonic cells. Is there any questions so far? Kristen: Um, yes, professor. Would you please elaborate on the term undifferentiated cell? Also, the word cloning sounds like something you would hear from science fiction movies or novels--isn't the cloning process very complicated? Professor: To answer your first question, Kristen, an undifferentiated cell is a cell that has the ability to create other specific cells, such as skin, hair, brain, and muscles, as it activates certain genes on chromosomes. For your second question, the concept of cloning is really not that complicated to understand. Allow me to explain as I split Dr. Wilmut's cloning process into three steps. During the first step, udder cells from a six-year-old Finn Dorset ewe were taken and placed into a culture dish. The culture dish, containing low levels of nutrients, starved the cells, causing them to stop their dividing and hibernate its active genes. Meanwhile, the nucleus with its DNA from an unfertilized egg--also called an oocyte--taken from a Scottish Blackface ewe, is sucked out with a hair thin pipette, leaving the empty egg with all its cellular tools needed to produce an embryo. By the way, this process is called the nuclear transfer. Okay, now onto the second step; the egg cell an d a donor cell are placed next to each other and fused together, like soap bubbles, by an electric pulse.

The Hunters: Phantom Chapter 35

Elena leaped backward as the phantom caught fire. She was so close that the heat of the flames burned her cheeks, and she could smel her own hair smoking. Shielding her face with her hands, she eased her way forward as silently and sneakily as she could, closer and closer to the phantom. Her legs shook, but she wil ed them stil and steady. She was consciously not letting herself look at or think about Stefan's body crumpled on the floor of the garage, in the same way she had kept herself from looking at Damon and Stefan's fight when she needed to think. Suddenly a burst of flames shot into the air, and for one dazzling second, Elena dared to hope that Damon had done it. The phantom was burning. Surely no creature of ice could withstand that. But then she realized that the phantom was not only burning. She was also laughing. â€Å"You fool,† the phantom said to Damon, in a soft and almost tender voice. â€Å"You think fire can hurt me? Jealousy can burn hotter than fire as wel as colder than ice. You of al people should know that, Damon.† She laughed her strange clinking laugh. â€Å"I can feel the jealousy, the anger that burns in you al the time, Damon, and it burns so hot I can smel the hatred and despair that live in you, and your little petty hurts and rages are meat and drink to me. You clutch them to you and pore over them like treasure. You may have succeeded in casting out a tiny piece of the multitudes of hurts that burden you, but you'l never be free of me.† Around the phantom's feet, tiny blue lines of flame ignited and spread quickly across the floor of the garage. Elena watched in horror: Were these burning traces of oil left by Mrs. Flowers's ancient car? Or was it simply the phantom's maliciousness made solid, spreading fire among them? It didn't real y matter. What mattered was that the garage was on fire, and while the phantom might be impervious to the flames, the rest of them weren't. Smoke fil ed the musty space, and Elena and her friends began to cough. She covered her nose and mouth with her hand. Streaking past Elena, Damon snarled and leaped for the phantom's throat. Even in their current dire situation, Elena couldn't help admiring Damon's speed and grace. He col ided with the phantom and knocked it to the floor, then recoiled, protecting his face with his leather-clad arm. Fire, Elena remembered with a frisson of terror. Fire is one of the few things that can kill a vampire. Her eyes watered from the smoke, but she forced them to stay open as she moved closer, circling around behind the phantom, who was back on its feet. She could hear her friends shouting, but she concentrated on the fight. The phantom was moving more awkwardly than it had been earlier, and did not immediately attack Damon. Through the flames, Elena could see that thick greenish fluid was stil trickling down its solid torso from the wound Meredith had given it. Where the liquid touched the flames, they flickered with a greenish blue tint. Damon lunged for the phantom again, and it flung him off with a shrug. Snarling, they circled each other warily. Elena skittered around behind them, trying to stay out of Damon's way, trying to see how she could help. A crackling from across the room distracted Elena for a second, and she glanced back to see fire climbing the far wal , reaching for the wooden shelves set around the room. She missed seeing what exactly happened next, but suddenly Damon was skidding across the floor on his back, an angry red burn glowing on his cheek. He was up again in a second and prowling back toward the phantom, but his eyes had a slightly wild glint to them that made Elena nervous. Even injured, the phantom was stronger than Damon, and, after his long fight with Stefan, Damon's reserves must be waning. He was growing reckless. Elena gathered her courage and moved closer to the phantom again, as close to the flames as she could stand. The phantom glanced back at her for a second and then away, focusing on the stronger threat. It sprang forward to meet Damon, its fiery arms spread wide and a savagely joyous smile on its face. And suddenly Meredith was there beside Damon. She looked solemn and pale as a young martyr, her lips tight and her eyes wary, but she moved as fast as lightning. Her stave sliced through the air almost too quickly to see, leaving another long cut across the phantom's stomach. The phantom howled, and the flames on its torso hissed as more greenish fluid gushed from the wound. But the phantom remained upright. It snarled and reached for Meredith, who danced rapidly backward, just out of range. Meredith and Damon exchanged a wordless look and moved to flank the phantom, one on either side, so that it couldn't watch both of them at once. Damon cuffed Jealousy, a short, intense blow, and pul ed back a reddish, blistering hand. Meredith swung her stave again, nearly catching the phantom on the arm but instead cleaving only a wisp of smoke. There was a crash as a burning shelf col apsed onto the floor. The smoke grew thicker. Away from the fight, Elena could hear Bonnie and Matt coughing. Elena moved closer stil , again coming toward the phantom from behind, safely out of Meredith and Damon's way. The phantom's heat was like a bonfire. Meredith and Damon were moving in tandem now, as smoothly as if they had rehearsed, dancing in and back, sometimes catching the phantom with a blow, more often passing through a curl of smoke or mist as the phantom transformed its parts from solid to airy shapes. A voice rang out. â€Å"Impera te desistere.† Mrs. Flowers leaned against the supporting arms of Matt and Alaric. But her eyes were clear and her voice was steady. Power crackled in the air around her. The phantom slowed only slightly in its fight, perhaps no more than a half second behind in its thrusts and transformations. But this was enough to make at least a little difference. More of Damon's and Meredith's blows landed, and they were able to dodge a few more of the phantom's. Was it enough, though? The phantom flinched when a punch hit home, and it bled horrible green goo where the stave cut it, but it was stil steady on its feet as Meredith and Damon hacked and choked in the smoke and stumbled away from the flames. The rose in Jealousy's chest pulsed a steady dark red. Elena exhaled in frustration and immediately began to cough again. The phantom wasn't staying in one place long enough for Elena to get a good shot at grabbing the rose-heart. Meredith sliced at it with her fighting stave, and this time the stave slid through smoke, and the phantom grabbed the stave in one hand, swinging Meredith toward Damon. Col iding, they both fel heavily to the ground, and the phantom, stil slightly hobbled by Mrs. Flowers's spel , strained toward them. â€Å"I've envied Meredith for her brains!† shouted Bonnie. Her face was smudged with smoke and tears, and she looked incredibly smal and fragile, but she was standing straight-backed and proud, yel ing at the top of her lungs. â€Å"I know I'l never be as good at school as she is, but that's okay. I cast my jealousy out!† The phantom's rose dimmed to a dark pink for a moment, and it staggered ever so slightly. It glanced at Bonnie and hissed. It was only a tiny pause in the phantom's advance, but it was enough for Damon to spring to his feet. He stepped in front of Meredith, shielding her as she clambered up. Without even looking at each other, Meredith and Damon began circling in opposite directions again. â€Å"I've been jealous that my friends have more money than I do!† Matt shouted, â€Å"but I cast the jealousy out!† â€Å"I envy the way Alaric truly believed in something unproven, and turned out to be right!† Celia yel ed. â€Å"But I cast it out!† â€Å"I've envied Elena's clothes!† Bonnie cried. â€Å"I'm too short to look good in lots of things! But I cast that out!† Damon kicked at the phantom, pul ing his smoldering leg back quickly. Meredith swung her stave. Mrs. Flowers chanted in Latin, and Alaric joined her, his low voice in counterpoint to hers, reinforcing her spel . Bonnie, Celia, and Matt kept shouting: dredging up smal jealousies and hurts that they were probably usual y hardly aware of, casting them out to pepper the phantom with tiny blows. And for the first time, the phantom looked†¦ baffled. It swung its head slowly from one to another of its opponents: Damon stalking toward it, fists raised; Meredith, her stave swinging surely as she watched the phantom with a cool and considering gaze; Alaric and Mrs. Flowers reciting strings of Latin words, hands lifted; Bonnie, Matt, and Celia shouting confessions as if they were throwing rocks at it. Jealousy's glassy eyes passed over Elena without real y seeming to notice her: Standing stil and quiet among the entire hubbub, she was not a threat. This was the best chance Elena was going to get. She nerved herself to move forward, then froze as the phantom turned toward her. Then, miraculously, Stefan was there. He grappled at the phantom's back, throwing one arm around its neck as the flames licked at him. His shirt caught fire. The phantom, briefly, was pul ed backward past Elena, its torso toward her, unprotected. Without hesitation, Elena plunged her hand into the fire. For a moment, she barely felt the flames, just a gentle, almost cool touch against her hand as the flames flickered around her. Not so bad, she had a moment to think, and then she felt the pain. It was pure and agonizing, and dark fireworks of shock went off behind her eyes. She had to fight to overcome the almost irresistible instinct to pul her hand back out of the fire. Instead, she groped at the phantom's torso, searching for the cut Meredith had made just above its rose. It was slippery and smooth, and her hand fumbled. Where is it? Where is it? Damon had thrown himself into the flames alongside Stefan, yanking at the phantom's arms and neck, keeping its torso clear for Elena, preventing the phantom from ripping free and throwing her across the room. Meredith beat at Jealousy's side with her stave. Behind her, her friends' voices rose in a babble of confessions and spel s as they did their part to keep the phantom off balance and disoriented. At last Elena's hand found the cut and she pushed inside. It was icy cold in the phantom's chest, and Elena yelped at the contrast – the cold was excruciating after the heat, and the flames stil licked at her wrist and arm. The freezing liquid inside the phantom's chest was so thick, it was like feeling through gelatin. Elena shoved and reached, and the phantom screamed with pain. It was a horrible sound and, despite al that the phantom had done to her and her friends, Elena could not help flinching in sympathy. A moment later, Elena's hand closed on the rose's stem and a thousand thorns pierced her burned flesh. Ignoring the pain, she pul ed the rose out of the freezing liquid, out of the fire, and staggered backward, away from the phantom. She didn't know what she'd expected to happen, exactly. For the phantom to melt like the Wicked Witch of the West, perhaps, leaving nothing but a puddle of vile greenish water. Instead, the phantom stared at her, its mouth open, its pointed, shining teeth on ful display. The tear in its chest had expanded, and fluid oozed rapidly, like an untended faucet. The flames burned low and green where the liquid tracked down its body and dripped to the floor. â€Å"Give it to me,† Stefan said, appearing at Elena's side. He took the rose from her hand and ripped at its petals, now fading to a lighter pink, and scattered the petals into the fire burning up the sides of the garage. The phantom watched with a stunned expression, and gradual y its blazing fire thinned to smoke, its solid form slowly vaporizing. For a moment, a smoky, malevolent image hung in the air before them, its eyes fixed sul enly upon Elena. And then it was gone.

Mechanism Of Vulnerable Investors Protection Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2315 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Since the financial crisis in 2008, the Chinese securities market turns out to be bleak. Specifically, the Shanghai Composite Index declines from over 6000 to 2200, which makes the medium and small investors suffer heavy losses. Consequently, people from all walks of life criticize the current securities market and claim perfection of the protection mechanism of vulnerable investors, which will lead the market to develop on a sound track. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mechanism Of Vulnerable Investors Protection Finance Essay" essay for you Create order With the establishment of the Shanghai Stock exchange taking the example of America on 19th December 1990, China started to make great efforts to build a legal system for regulating the securities market(Yan Gao,2003).However, the illegal behaviors in the securities market continue to be a severe issue. For example, insider trading and market manipulation. Compared to the Chinese securities market, the vulnerable investors rights and interests are protected effectively in the US securities. Thus, this essay will firstly analyze the definition of vulnerable investors in securities market and the significance of protecting them. Secondly, it will show the current status of the mechanism of protection vulnerable investors in securities market in China. Lastly, based on the USA securities market, the essay conducts an analysis of education and legislation in securities market of China. Mechanism of vulnerable investors protection Definition of vulnerable investors Relative to institutional investors, the vulnerable investors are more vulnerable to the capital, the information, effect of psychological biases and grab essential events, for example, market return shocks (Kaniel et al., 2008; Barber and Odean, 2008).However, it doesnt means that every vulnerable investor is vulnerable to all fields. One may be vulnerable to one or more parts. In summary, our vulnerable investors are vulnerable to main three points, as follows. 2.1.1 Asymmetric information Vulnerable investors are poor indicators of future stock returns because of limited information, at least in the short-run (Brown Cliff, 2011), while some institutional investors or large shareholders possess any superior or above-average information to indicate future market developments. 2.1.2 Lack of capital On 8th February 2012, Chinese Stock Paper and Sina  [1]  Finance and Economics jointly promulgated the result of investors survey in Chinese securities market (https://survey.finance.sina.com.cn/result/64210.html),which shows that the percentages of individual investors lunar income which are under 2000 RMB and 2000-5000 RMB are 15.8% and 50.3%, respectively, that the percentages of investors capital scale in securities market are under 100000 RMB and 100000-300000 RMB account for 36.9% and 31.7% respectively. Therefore, both income level and capital scale of some individual investors are significantly lower than that of institutional investors or large shareholders. 2.1.3 Lack of knowledge of securities Some individual investors lack the knowledge of securities, which mainly presents the ability of risk analysis and acquiring information from financial statement. Specifically, the percentage of our vulnerable investors who make decisions based on the recommendation of stock analysts, introduction of relatives and friends and grapevine shows 62.3% (Yin Haiyuan Li Zhongmin,2011).Compared to individual investors, institutional investors invest a great amount of human, financial and material resources in the securities market. 2.2 The significance of protecting our vulnerable investors Referring to the USA, it is an economically developed country. However, why do people think that? This is because the country obtains sustainable economy development, to some degree, which benefits from steady development in securities market in several decades. As for the stable development of the securities market, it profits from vulnerable investor protection. As for China, on 14th February 2011, Japan government claimed that Japanese nominal GDP for 5.4742 trillion dollars in 2010, which is less than China (https://finance.sina.com.cn/j/20110214/08519369574.shtml).Therefore, China became the second largest economy in the world, to some degree, which may benefit from the prosperity of securities market from 1990 to 2008.Moreover, in 2011, China Securities Regulatory Commission Investor Protection Agency claimed that it is essential and necessary to protect vulnerable investors in order to stabilize the securities and boost the development of economy. Therefore, referring to historical experience, perfecting the mechanism of protection vulnerable investors could prevent vulnerable investors interests and rights from violating to a great extent, maintain the stability of the securities market and boost steady development of national economy. The current mechanism of vulnerable investors protection With the development of securities market within 21 years in China, vulnerable investor protection is beneficial from three aspects, as follows. 3.1 The supervision of China government to securities market At present, China Securities Regulatory Commission is responsible for supervising securities market, which includes the work of investor protection, organizational guidance, supervision and inspection, establishing and improving regulatory policy system of investor protection, coordination of various sectors, education services. Although China government makes an effort to protect vulnerable investors, the result is not positive as it thought. Specifically, on the one hand, some regulators dont perform their duties, while on the other hand, there is the rent-seeking space makes some offenders implement bribery successfully. Thus, vulnerable investors rights and interests are violated. 3.2 Vulnerable investors protection in legislation aspect Since the establishment of securities market in China, the legal system construction has made great efforts to protect vulnerable investors, such as Company Act and Securities Act. However, some drawbacks exist in the securities market. For instance, rules are not fine, penalty is too low and the execution is inefficient, which is equivalent to encourage potentially illegal behaviors. So, China should make more efforts to perfect its law system. 3.3 Protecting vulnerable investors from some agencies In 2005, in order to protect vulnerable investors, China government established a wholly state-owned protection fund company. Furthermore, in the end of 2011, China Securities Regulatory Commission Investor Protection Agency was established, which claims its next direction is to establish investors dispute regulation and arbitration mechanism. It can be seen that relative to institutional investors vulnerable investors have a significant number of disadvantages so that we should perfect investor protection mechanism to give all investors fair trade opportunities. Analyzing both educational and legal aspects of mechanism of vulnerable investors protection As above analyzed, vulnerable investor protection mechanism is insufficient. However, some drawbacks could not be improved because they are inborn issues. For example, asymmetric information caused by impersonal reasons which are channels of acquiring information and busy jobs. Therefore, this essay analyzes two aspects, including investor education and legislation, in order to improve the quality of vulnerable investors, the efficiency of law enforcement and the punishment level of illegal behaviors. 4.1 Analyzing educational aspect There is a survey about investors culture in 2011 (Yin Haiyuan and Li Zhongmin, 2011). See the Figure 1. Figure 1 the distribution of investor culture by research According to the above figure 1, it shows that the percentage of investors with bachelor degree or above is the least one of the total, accounting for only 11.7%, the percentage of investors with junior college degree represents 21.9%, the percentage of investors with below junior high school degree makes up 16.6% and the percentage of investors with junior high school degree presents almost 50%.Furthermore, In China, individuals who are little understanding of financial knowledge, represent 60% to 80% of trading in the securities market (James, 2007). Therefore, the percentage of individuals who are with junior high school or lack financial knowledge is very large, which suggests that it is urgent to improve investor education. At present, Chinese investor education led by Securities Association of China is a top-d own leading education mode. Although this kind of mode plays an essential role in early, with the development of securities market and an increasing number of individual investor there are various problems, which are caused by the activities of securities agencies investor education related to economic benefits that reduce the activities objectivity, accuracy and fairness and finally reduce the effect of the investor education (Zhang Yi, 2010). Therefore, we need a new way to make up the deficiency of the dominant mode. China could take an example from the USA securities market. It is the third party education that is an organization which is not related to securities regulatory, transaction settlement department, securities business institutions and investors so that the organization is not related to the interests of investors (Zhang Yi, 2010). The third party education may be education institutions, research institutions or professional third party educational agencies so that it is able to teach vulnerable investors actual and beneficial knowledge. Importantly, investor education may be dominated freely by market in the future (Zhang Yi, 2010). See the Figure 2. Supervision Agency Securities Third Agency Party Investors Securities Third Agency Party Investors Supervision Agency Securities Agency Investors The Future The Current The Improved Figure 2 the changes of investor education 4.2 Analyzing legislation aspect Although investor education could improve the securities knowledge of vulnerable investors in personal aspect, we ought to perfect the impersonal environment of securities market, especially legislation in the securities market. Because if we dont build a rational and specific regulatory framework in order to ensure good governance and prudent management of the institutions that will serve investor, both microeconomic and macroeconomic objectives could not be achieved (Yongbeom, 2003). Therefore, the following part will analyze the legislation in securities from the four aspects in order to improve the legal system to ensure that the securities market gets a healthy and long development. 4.2.1 The influence of government China is the public ownership playing a dominant role and diverse forms of ownership developing side by side country so that the proportion of the state-controlled enterprises in the stock market is high. But numerous state-owned listed enterprises largest shareholders are market regulators (Zhang Yi, 2010). Moreover, the level of securities market supervision system in an enterprise closing to the government in China is weak while the supervision level in a company which is not close to government presents effectively (Berkman et al., 2008).Therefore, China government ought to perfect the law to separate government functions from enterprise management to protect vulnerable investors. 4.2.2 The relationship between securities market and law Perfecting legislation ought to follow the changes of the securities market. In China, the reason why numerous securities market cases could not be accepted directly is incomplete law, including unspecific content of law in securities market and unable to keep up with the changes of the market. For example, listed and delisted supervision. On March 3, 2012 ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢according to the Jiu San Society  [2]  central datum(https://www.93.gov.cn/news/index.shtml), it shows that the percentage of listed companies in the NASDAQ  [3]  stock market in the USA reduced by 13.08% within three years while the percentage of delisted company within 21 years in China accounted for only 1.82% of the total number of listed companies. However, people may question why financial crisis happened in the USA where the legal system for protecting investors is effective? Because it is difficult for the lawmakers of a country to foresee all possible events in the future so that current law may not be accurate and detailed to prevent investors from potentially illegal behaviors, to fully reflect the social and economic changes in the environment (Berkowitz, 2003). Therefore, China government ought to perfect in time its law in securities market when the new illegal behaviors happen. 4.2.3 The punishment level for illegal behaviors In 2003, the case of YinGuangXia  [4]  erupted, the result of the case was major parties were imprisoned for three years and fined up to 100000 RMB. On July 3, 2010, the case of Zijin mining  [5]  pollution exposed, the punishment result was the listed company was fined up to 9.56313 million RMB. It is obvious that violated investors didnt get compensation instead of paying for the enterprise pollution. Therefore, such punishment to the parties of illegal cases is not important, but to the vulnerable investors is really hurting. As for the USA securities market, the punishment for illegal behaviors is strong. In 2005, the SEC  [6]  opened $1.8 billion tickets to the market illegal offenders (Liu Bailan, 2011). Therefore, relying on such a strict supervision, the USA securities market is active. Learning experience from the USA securities market, China government may reinforce the punishment level of illegal behaviors in order to deter the potentially illegal criminal s to commit crimes. 4.2.4 The efficiency and strength of law enforcement personnel Chinas law enforcement level is far lower than the world level (Ball, 2005). Importantly, China is in the economic transformation period so that enhancing the efficiency and strength of law enforcement for protecting vulnerable investors is particularly essential. At present, the law enforcement level in China is inefficient. For example, the case of PT Red  [7]  about listed fraud was ultimately rejected by the court because of the pressure from local government. In the United States, although ENRON  [8]  has a strong relationship with the Bush administration, it still cannot escape the fate of the legal sanction. Moreover, on July 16, 2010, the United States Senate passed the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, one part of which sets a time limit in order to improve the efficiency and strength of law enforcement personnel. More precisely, once the SEC law enforcement officials announce to implement a law enforcement action, execution should be imple mented in 180 days. Besides that, once the SEC inspectors and law enforcement personnel complete the assessment and examination, the executive law personnel will correct action or release processing results in 180 days (Public Law 111-203, 2010). Therefore, China government could limit the time of law enforcement personnel dealing with cases for protecting vulnerable investors to be successful. In conclusion Based on the above analysis, we can come to the conclusion that the vulnerable investors actually exist in the securities market in China and the percentage of them is very high. Particularly important, relative to institutional investors and large shareholders, vulnerable investors are so weak in impersonal and personal reasons. Then, based on analyzing investor education and legislation in securities market ,although illegal cases in securities market in China still emerge after financial crisis, we believe that investor protection mechanism could be enhanced by strengthening investors investment ideas, setting up correct investment attitude, pushing to reduce administrative intervention, making legislation keep up with market and strengthening the law punishment and law enforcement efficiency so as to establish to the effective mechanism of vulnerable investor protection. Surely, further research into the mechanism of vulnerable investor protection is needed. (Words count: 23 76)